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Questions:
- 1. Is natural sodium nitrate already allowed in organic farming ?
- 2. Is there currently a problem with nitrogen fertilization in organic farming ?
- 3. What are the current problems with nitrogen fertilization in organic farming ?
- 4. What about the current alternatives for NSN ?
- 5. What is natural Chilean nitrate ?
- 6. Does NSN increase the nitrate accumulation in the crop ?
- 7. Is NSN not too soluble to be used in organic agriculture ?
- 8. How should NSN be used in organic agriculture ?
- 9. What about the statement : "Nitrate is highly mobile in soil. Nitrate that is not immediately assimilated by plants can be leached in the ground water" ?
- 10. Is it ethical to use NSN in organic farming ?
Answers:
- 1. Is natural sodium nitrate already allowed in organic farming ?
Natural Chilean Nitrate is currently authorized (on a regulated status) in organic agriculture in the USA (Ref.NOP (National Organic Program), USDA, National List of allowed and prohibited Substances).
- 2. Is there currently a problem with nitrogen fertilization in organic farming ?
Yes. At the moment N and S are supposedly the most important nutrient disorders in organic farming. N is most often limiting crop performance as the N supply is warranted more or less exclusively by farmyard manure and legumes in the crop rotation. (Ref. Haneklaus et al., 2002; Objectives of Plant nutrition research in organic farming.)
- 3. What are the current problems with nitrogen fertilization in organic farming ?
As the N supply is warranted more or less exclusively by farmyard manure and legumes in the crop rotation the supply depends totally on the mineralisation. In practice the N-mineralization under certain conditions is not very consistent and depends on various parameters (rain temperature, pH, soil type, varieties, etc.). In those cases the N-supply is not controllable and can be asynchronous with the plants needs. Shortages in the N-supply are possible due to :
- a too low mineralisation level compared with the needs of the plant
- a non-synchronization of the mineralisation, resulting in a too early or too late supply
- sometimes large intermediate losses from mineralisation before the crop uptake
(Ref: Optimizing the Nitrogen Supply in Biological Farming, Louis Bolk Institute, Nutrient Management Institute, Wageningen, April 2003) or Louis Bolk Instituut, The Netherlands
- 4. What about the current alternatives for NSN ?
The possibilities for the organic grower for fertilization under specific unfavorable conditions or as side dressing during the season are very limited, because the organic fertilizers that are available in organic agriculture such as compost, manure, slurry etc. are not suitable for these purposes.
Unexpected events such as BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy), avian flu, PCB's, hormone and antibiotic scandals have made the application of the other alternatives such as feathermeal, bonemeal, blood meal, fish meal, etc. are questionable or at least may undermine the confidence of the consumer of organic products. When they would be hydrolised they should be considered synthetic.
- Hygienic problems: blood, bone and meat meal are prohibited in many countries in Europe and Japan because of BSE transmission risk. Recently Canada with the support of IFOAM proposed to prohibit cattle wastes as fertilizer at the UN Codex Alimentarius session in Montreal, 2004.
Feather meal recently is presenting a similar and potentially an even worse problem: Avian flu, A(H5N1) virus, contrary to BSE is relatively easily transmissible to animals and people and is just as lethal. Fish meal mostly contains high levels of PCB’s.
Anthrax, a widely spread deadly bacterial cattle disease, can be acquired by animals and humans through animal wastes like leather (more information on the health issue regarding animal waste fertilizers can be found in the document "The Use of Natural Sodium Nitrate Compared to Authorized Animal Waste Products", available by e-mail to info@naturalnitrogen.com).
- The traceability of organic wastes in general is doubtful. Indeed those wastes don’t necessarily have to come from organic farms. Therefore contaminants like antibiotics and hormones. might be introduced in the system.
Instead NSN is used since more than 100 years and never gave any health problems. Therefore it certainly satisfies amply the Principle of precaution so dear to organic farming.
- 5. What is natural Chilean nitrate ?
Natural Chilean Nitrate is natural sodium nitrate from Chile (In other countires natural sodium nitrate can be found as well).
Natural Chilean Nitrate is derived from caliche, a nitrogenous rock found in the Atacama Desert in Northern Chile. It contains nitrogen as its main plant nutrient and a series of secondary and trace nutrients.
It is granulated and can be broadcasted, drilled or used as a side-dress. Natural Chilean Nitrate has been used as a fertilizer for more then 100 years and is currently authorized (on a regulated status) in organic agriculture in the USA (NOP (National Organic Program), USDA, National List of Allowed and prohibited Substances.
- 6. Does NSN increase the nitrate accumulation in the crop ?
No, because taking into account the [recent] evolution in agriculture practices, particularly for N fertilization and even more when nitrate is used only to cover certain critical crop needs as a complementary fertilizer and not as a unique N source, nitrate accumulation is not to be expected. Indeed the proposed use of Natural Sodium Nitrate is on a complementary base as part of a systemic approach.
Any fertilizer (mineral or easily decomposable organic fertilizers such as blood meal, bone meal, feather meal, bean meal, guano, …) might increase nitrate accumulation especially with excessive application rates (Termine et al., 1987). Avoiding excessive use of any nitrogen source including organic amendments is exactly the aim of this complementary use and this as part of a systemic/holistic approach.
- 7. Is NSN not too soluble to be used in organic agriculture ?
The intended use of NSN (and of all quick (already authorized)acting N-carriers for that matter) in organic agriculture should be to improve N-efficiency and decrease N losses during some critical growing stages and by the same token improve crop quality and yield. At these particular growing stages this can only be achieved if that N source is plant available and thus present in the soil solution. Therefore solubility is essential in this context.
Further potassium sulphate, magnesium sulphate, patentkali, sodium chloride and other nutrients like micro-elements in the form authorized in organic farming are "immediately soluble without being digested by soil organisms".
- 8. How should NSN be used in organic agriculture ?
NSN was never intended to be used in organic farming as sole source of N but only in harmonious complementary synergetic use with already authorized organic amendments using the strength of both types of input to bridge the critical nutritional N-gap.
Complementary use of NSN will be a very positive contribution to soil organism populations and soil organic matter (SOM). Long term research suggests an even greater contribution than when exclusively organic fertilizer would have been used.
- 9. What about the statement : "Nitrate is highly mobile in soil. Nitrate that is not immediately assimilated by plants can be leached in the ground water" ?
In fact this argument is not relevant !
Indeed there still seems to be a believe or misunderstanding that nitrate in the soil is somehow linked solely to nitrate in fertilizers.
Therefore it may be worth to state once more the generally accepted scientific facts (1-8, 10) about nitrate as plant nutrient.
- N (nitrogen) is the most important plant nutrient (after water, CO2 and O2).
- N is for over 90% taken up by all plants as nitrate in conventional as well as in organic agriculture.
- N-fertilizers are mineral or organic. (Organic in this sense means compounds that contain C.)
- Plants practically do not take up any organic N compounds.
- To be plant available (almost) all N in those fertilizers has to be converted in nitrate if not already in that form.
- Pollution of groundwater (or well water) with nitrates and excess of nitrate in crops is due to excess use of N-fertilizers (mineral or organic) or synchronization problems.
- For the same amount of N-input, leaching losses (as nitrate) and other N losses are mostly much higher from organic N-sources than from mineral N-sources.
- The higher nitrate losses are mostly due to synchronization problems i.e. a time gap between plant nitrate needs and nitrate availability.
- The intended use of NSN is not to replace nitrate from organic sources but to complement it in order to compensate this lack of synchronization.
This complementary use is one of the BMPs (Best Management Practices) to diminish nitrate pollution and at the same time will increase crop yield and quality.
- 10. Is it ethical to use NSN in organic farming ?
Complementary use of NSN will allow the organic farmer to optimize production. This and the access to a more economic source of N will give the organic farmer a competitive advantage in the market place and will contribute in maintaining rural communities.
It has been clearly shown that the judicious use of Natural Sodium Nitrate respects and supports the cyclical precautionary and nearness principles dear to the organic agriculture community. It supports expressions of value and ethics such as: "self-reliance", "biologically robust", "high general standard of nutrition", "enlightened agriculture", "ecology, sensible balance", "excellence in husbandry", "productivity together with sustainability", "maintaining rural communities", "shorter supply chain", etc.
Natural Sodium Nitrate, as an essential but most natural plant food, has proven to be a valuable contribution to the success of organic agriculture in that it will allow organic agriculture to improve in a significant way its productivity, sustainability, its potential to produce fresh food of best quality and to fulfill the logistical requirements to offer a fair deal for consumers and promote local labor intensiveness by shortening the supply chain and promoting national self reliance.
Its judicious use is part of common sense agriculture and reflects biological reality.
Natural Sodium Nitrate is not an "anomaly" but a gift from nature.
Before the introduction of synthetic nitrogen, when the entire world agriculture was basically organic, farmers already used this nitrogenous rock to maintain soil fertility. Natural Sodium Nitrate was used as organic fertilizer before organic agriculture became a world movement.
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